THRIVE Yeast
What is a vaginal yeast infection?
Normally, the presence of yeast in the vagina is kept in check by certain bacteria(69). But an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome allows yeast to overgrow, leading to a yeast infection or vulvovaginal candidiasis(70). Although most cases are mild (uncomplicated), some women develop more severe symptoms or have recurring infections (4 or more times per year) even after drug treatments (complicated)(71, 72).
Why are we studying vaginal yeast infections?
It is common
Yeast infections are common, affecting 50-70%(23) of women at least once in their life(69). It often causes itching, burning sensations and a white discharge. However, some women do not experience symptoms at all(69).
Treatment is expensive
Treatment is often expensive, and not always able to clear infections(24). About 5-8% of women suffer from recurrent, complicated vaginal yeast infections(73).
Financial and emotional impacts
Women with yeast infections experience not only financial and emotional strain, but it also negatively impacts sexual relations and productivity(24, 74-76). Despite this, little attention has been given to studying the disease.
Upsetting the balance
While not considered a sexually transmitted infection, new sexual partners are a risk factor(77). Antibiotics, pregnancy, and certain types of contraceptives can also upset the balance in the vaginal microbiome and trigger infection(23).
Gap in understanding
Gap in understanding
Basic understanding of why some women have symptoms, while others do not, and yet other women have recurring infections, is lacking. About half of women with recurrent yeast infections do not even have an identifiable risk factor(69).
Unknown link
Gap in understanding
The link between fungi, the vaginal microbiome, and the human immune system is poorly understood. We also don’t know how drug treatments for yeast infections influence the vaginal microbiome, and what strains of yeast pose the greatest risk of infection or drug resistance.